Heat Map

A heat map is a data visualization technique that uses color intensity to represent values across a two-dimensional space. Each cell in the grid corresponds to a data point, and its color indicates its magnitude.

When to use it

  • Visualize patterns across two dimensions (e.g., time vs category).
  • Highlight intensity using color gradients.
  • Identify clusters, correlations, or anomalies.
  • Display dense datasets in a compact way.
  • Compare relative differences rather than exact values.

When NOT to use

  • When precise values must be read.
  • For small datasets (low value vs complexity).
  • When users are not familiar with color scales.

Categories

  • Chart Type: Matrix
  • Data Type: Continuous or discrete numeric values (aggregated)
  • Chart Family: Heatmap-based
  • Purpose: Reveal patterns, trends, and anomalies

Data requirements

  • 2 categorical or continuous dimensions (X + Y)
  • 1 numeric value (mapped to color)
  • Often requires aggregation

Use cases

BSPM

BSPM is a user centered ex-post monitoring tool that enables fast and well-founded analysis of both the awarded capacity and the actually delivered performance of balancing service providers, using meaningful KPIs and visualizations. It provides reliable, settlement-relevant data while establishing a scalable foundation for future extensions and modules.

Accessibility

Do
  • Use a color palette with sufficient contrast and ensure color-blind accessibility.
  • Include a clearly visible legend with numeric ranges or scale.
  • Use intuitive color gradients (low → high).
  • Provide alt text or summaries explaining patterns and key insights.
  • Keep the grid readable and avoid excessive density.
Don't
  • Use red/green or other problematic combinations without alternatives.
  • Omit the legend or make it too small to read.
  • Rely on color alone without contextual explanation.
  • Change color scales between charts (inconsistent interpretation).
  • Use misleading gradients that distort magnitude perception.
  • Embed heatmaps as images without accessible descriptions.
  • Scatter Plot
    Shows detailed relationships between two variables; useful when exact values and distribution matter more than aggregated patterns.
  • Line Chart
    Better suited for showing trends over time when continuity and progression are key.
  • Bar Chart
    Useful for comparing exact values across categories when precision is more important than pattern recognition.